Anaesthesia Fundamentals | Physiology | Gene Transcription and Translation

Proteins, Cell Signalling and Transcription
Session Overview
Description
This session describes the structure of proteins and explains how genetic transcription and translation results in protein synthesis within cells.

Learning Objectives
By the end of this session you will be able to:

• Describe the structure of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and its role in protein formation
• Define the processes involved in gene expression including transcription and translation
• Describe how DNA mutations affect protein production
• Describe the role of intracellular receptors and transcription in the action of steroids and thyroid hormones

Transcription is the process by which sequences of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) produce specific messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) sequences.

Translation is the process by which mRNA determines the final amino acid sequence via transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) within a ribosome.

This session explains each of these processes in detail, covering DNA expression, protein production, protein structure and genetic mutations.

This session also looks at how DNA expression can be affected by hormones such as thyroid hormone and oestrogen.