Administering Non-invasive Ventilation (NIV)

Non-invasive ventilation is used to meet the respiratory demands of patients presenting to hospital with symptoms such as breathlessness or hypoxia. With an increase of patients experiencing respiratory symptoms in light of the current pandemic, it is particularly important to be well-informed about this treatment and how to safely provide it.

What is Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV)?

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is the delivery of respiratory support to a patient using an external interface (mask or helmet).

Unlike invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), which involves the insertion of an artificial airway (endotracheal tube or tracheostomy), NIV does not interfere with the patient’s upper airways and preserves their ability to speak, cough and swallow (Soo Hoo 2020; Gregoretti 2015).

NIV may be administered to a patient who is having difficulty ventilating and oxygenating due to acute respiratory distress, chronic respiratory conditions, surgical complications, asthma, comfort care or another respiratory failure. It may also be used to wean a patient off IMV (Agency for Clinical Innovation 2014).

NIV should be considered in the early stages of respiratory decline to minimise intensive care admission.